Abstract
4YSZ is generally used in fuel cells, oxygen sensors, hip and knee joint replacements and thermal barriers because of it excellent properties, including low density, high biocompatibility, good resistance against corrosion, hard phase and high melting point, and high ionic conductivity. However, 4YSZ with large grain has low resistance to..... More

Abstract
Aluminum nitride (AlN) has several attractive properties including high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation, a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of Si and low density. Accordingly, it is considered a promising packing material and substrate for high power integrated circuits. However, its low fracture toughness at room temperature limits..... More

Abstract
Titanium nitride (TiN) has been used extensively in coating materials and cutting tools because of its attractive properties, which include low density, high melting point, high hardness and thermodynamic stability. However, like many ceramic materials, its low fracture toughness limits wide industrial application. The methods generally utilized to improve its..... More