Abstract
Employing post-combustion technology in the converter, using the sensible heat of the hot metal and the oxidation reaction heat as a heat source, is known to compensate for insufficient heat in the converter process. However, most studies on post-combustion have been conducted using subsonic nozzles, whereas actual converter processes use..... More

Abstract
Recently, various worldwide studies have been conducted to improve converter operation by modifying the lance nozzle. In this study, a numerical analysis of the lance nozzle was conducted to improve the dephosphorization efficiency, and to reduce blowing time. The lance nozzle was designed in the form of an abnormal expansion..... More

Abstract
Studies of effective furnace cooling technology and refractory materials have extended the lifetime of a blast furnace to more than 15 years. On the other hand, the replacement of refractories in the blast furnace results in considerable cost and time loss for stopping the blast furnace operation. Various kinds of..... More

Abstract
The world is gradually running short of high quality iron resources. This forces ironmaking processes to focus on the use of low quality iron ores. Carbon composite iron oxide briquettes (CCB) are one of the alternative choices. CCB enables the utilization of low quality powdered iron ores and coal, and..... More