Abstract
The CMSX-4 superalloy including refractory elements was directionally solidified using the seed of a [001] single crystal to control the growth direction to [001], where solidification velocity was changed from 25 to 160 μm/s. In the log-log plot between spacing and solidification velocity, the primary dendrite arm spacing and secondary..... More

Abstract
Directional solidification experiments were carried out to estimate the effect of solidification velocity and temperature gradient on primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) in the Ni-based superalloy, CMSX-4 alloy. The specimens were solidified at velocities of 1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 mm/s under given temperature gradients of 12.5, 18, 23..... More

Abstract
Martensitic 10Cr1MoW steels are widely used for high temperature components in turbine engines because they have good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Delta-ferrite can form locally in large ingots and the ferrite phase degrades the metal’s high-temperature properties. To decrease the fraction of delta-ferrite the solidification process should be controlled...... More